This is the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) social science geography textbook for Class X, Contemporary India II. It is an English medium (Roman script) book — the complete text, exercises, maps and captions are in English, and there is no Hindi content in it. It is the prescribed geography component of the Class 10 social science course for CBSE schools and for state boards that follow the NCERT curriculum.
The book is about resources and how India uses them. It opens with the classification of resources and the problem of land degradation and soil erosion, then takes up forest and wildlife — conservation, biodiversity loss and community-led protection. The chapter on water resources covers scarcity, multi-purpose river projects and rainwater harvesting. Agriculture deals with cropping patterns, the major crops and their growing conditions, and the institutional and technological reforms that have shaped Indian farming. The remaining chapters cover minerals and energy resources, conventional and non-conventional; manufacturing industries, their location factors, the major industries and industrial pollution; and the lifelines of the national economy — roadways, railways, pipelines, waterways, airways, communication and international trade.
For Class 10 this is board material, and the map work in particular is examined directly — locating crops, minerals, industries, ports and dams on the outline map of India is a scoring section that comes straight from these chapters. For competitive-exam candidates the value is higher still. Indian economic geography is a fixed component of the UPSC, RPSC and RSSB syllabi, and the distribution of crops, minerals, iron and steel plants, ports and river projects asked there is exactly the material laid out here. Aspirants are routinely advised to read the NCERT geography books from Class 6 to Class 12 before starting on any standard reference work, and this volume carries the Indian resource base.
The chapters are supported by maps, data tables, graphs, photographs and boxed case studies, with in-chapter activities and full exercise sets including map work at the end.
Key Features:
English medium book — complete content written in English (Roman script), no Hindi content
Published by NCERT (National Council of Educational Research and Training)
Social Science — Contemporary India II, Textbook in Geography for Class X (Class 10)
Prescribed for CBSE schools and state boards following the NCERT curriculum
Covers Resources and Development — resource classification, land use, soil types and erosion
Covers Forest and Wildlife Resources — biodiversity and conservation
Covers Water Resources — scarcity, multi-purpose projects and rainwater harvesting
Covers Agriculture — cropping patterns, major crops and agricultural reforms
Covers Minerals and Energy Resources — conventional and non-conventional sources
Covers Manufacturing Industries — location factors, major industries and industrial pollution
Covers Lifelines of National Economy — transport, communication and international trade
Maps, data tables, graphs and boxed case studies throughout
Map work exercises — crops, minerals, industries, ports and dams on the outline map of India
In-chapter activities and full chapter-end exercises
Base textbook for the CBSE Class 10 social science board examination
Also widely used as foundation reading for UPSC, RPSC, RSSB and other competitive examinations
Standard NCERT text — the base book before any reference or guide
यह पुस्तक राष्ट्रीय शैक्षिक अनुसंधान और प्रशिक्षण परिषद (NCERT) द्वारा कक्षा X (कक्षा 10) के लिए निर्धारित सामाजिक विज्ञान — भूगोल की पाठ्यपुस्तक Contemporary India II है। ध्यान दें: यह पुस्तक पूर्णतः अंग्रेज़ी भाषा एवं रोमन लिपि में है — इसमें हिन्दी भाषा का प्रयोग नहीं है। इसमें संसाधन एवं विकास (भूमि उपयोग, मृदा एवं मृदा अपरदन), वन एवं वन्य जीव संसाधन, जल संसाधन (बहुउद्देश्यीय परियोजनाएँ एवं वर्षा जल संग्रहण), कृषि (फसल प्रारूप, प्रमुख फसलें एवं कृषि सुधार), खनिज तथा ऊर्जा संसाधन, विनिर्माण उद्योग तथा राष्ट्रीय अर्थव्यवस्था की जीवन रेखाएँ (परिवहन, संचार एवं अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापार) — ये अध्याय सम्मिलित हैं। मानचित्र, आँकड़ा-सारणियाँ, ग्राफ, केस स्टडी तथा मानचित्र-कार्य सहित अध्यायांत अभ्यास प्रश्न दिए गए हैं। बोर्ड परीक्षा में मानचित्र-कार्य इसी पुस्तक से पूछा जाता है, तथा UPSC, RPSC एवं RSSB में भारतीय आर्थिक भूगोल — फसलों, खनिजों, उद्योगों एवं पत्तनों का वितरण — का आधार भी यही सामग्री है।
